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iec-61000-4-31-radiated-immunity-test-using-bulk-current-injection
EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) Testing ANSI C63.4 Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise EmissionsCISPR 11 Industrial Equipment EmissionsCISPR 11 Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Equipment EmissionsCISPR 12 Limits for the Protection of Receivers in the Frequency Range 150 kHz to 108 MHz in VehiclesCISPR 13 Radio Disturbance for Broadcast ReceiversCISPR 14-1 Emission Requirements for Household AppliancesCISPR 14-2 Immunity Requirements for Household AppliancesCISPR 14-3 Emission Testing for Household AppliancesCISPR 15 Limits for Lighting Equipment EmissionsCISPR 15 Limits for Radio Disturbance from Lighting EquipmentCISPR 15 Radio Disturbance from Lighting EquipmentCISPR 16 Measurement Techniques for EMC TestingCISPR 16 Specification for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measuring ApparatusCISPR 21 Limits for Protection of Receivers in Broadcast BandsCISPR 21 Receiver Protection Against InterferenceCISPR 22 Radiated and Conducted Emission Test for IT EquipmentCISPR 22 Radio Disturbance Characteristics for IT EquipmentCISPR 24 Immunity Requirements for Information Technology EquipmentCISPR 25 Radio Disturbance Characteristics for the Protection of Receivers in VehiclesCISPR 25 Vehicle Components Radio Disturbance TestingCISPR 32 Electromagnetic Compatibility of Multimedia EquipmentCISPR 32 EMC for Multimedia EquipmentCISPR 32 Multimedia Equipment Emission and ImmunityCISPR 34 Emission Requirements for Audio EquipmentEN 50121-1 EMC Requirements for Railway InfrastructureEN 50121-2 Railway EMC for Trackside EquipmentEN 50121-3-2 Railway Applications - EMC of Rolling StockEN 50121-4 EMC of Signalling and Telecommunications EquipmentEN 50130-4 Alarm Systems EMC RequirementsEN 50130-5 Alarm Systems - EMC Requirements for ComponentsEN 50155 Electronic Equipment on Railway Vehicles - EMCEN 50155 Railway Rolling Stock EMC TestingEN 50270 EMC for Alarm SystemsEN 50561-1 EMC Requirements for Power Line Communication EquipmentEN 50581 Compliance Documentation for RoHSEN 50581 Technical Documentation for the Assessment of Electrical and Electronic EquipmentEN 55014-1 Emission Requirements for Household AppliancesEN 55014-1 Household Appliance Emission TestingEN 55014-2 Immunity Requirements for Household AppliancesEN 55015 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance from Lighting EquipmentEN 55020 Immunity Characteristics for Broadcast ReceiversEN 55022 Class B Emission Compliance TestingEN 55022 Information Technology Equipment - Radio Disturbance CharacteristicsEN 55022 Information Technology Equipment Emission TestingEN 55024 Immunity Requirements for IT EquipmentEN 55024 Information Technology Immunity TestingEN 55025 Vehicle Components EMC RequirementsEN 55025 Vehicle EMC Immunity TestingEN 55032 Emission Requirements for Multimedia EquipmentEN 55032 Emission Requirements for Multimedia EquipmentEN 55035 Immunity Requirements for Multimedia EquipmentEN 55035 Immunity Testing for Multimedia EquipmentEN 55035 Multimedia Equipment Immunity RequirementsEN 61000-3-11 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Public Low-Voltage Supply SystemsEN 61000-3-12 Limits for Voltage Changes and Flicker in Public Supply SystemsEN 61000-6-1 Generic Immunity Standard for Residential, Commercial and Light-Industrial EnvironmentsEN 61000-6-2 Generic Immunity Standard for Industrial EnvironmentsEN 61000-6-3 Emission Standard for Residential EnvironmentsEN 61000-6-3 Generic Emission Standard for Residential, Commercial and Light-Industrial EnvironmentsEN 61000-6-4 Generic Emission Standard for Industrial EnvironmentsFCC Part 15 Intentional Radiator TestingFCC Part 15 Radio Frequency Devices Emission TestingFCC Part 15 Subpart B Unintentional Radiator Compliance TestingFCC Part 18 Industrial, Scientific and Medical Equipment EmissionsFCC Part 68 EMC Requirements for Telephone EquipmentIEC 60601-1-2 Medical Electrical Equipment EMC RequirementsIEC 61000-3-2 Harmonic Current Emissions TestIEC 61000-3-3 Voltage Flicker and Flicker Severity TestIEC 61000-4-10 Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-11 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations TestIEC 61000-4-12 Ring Wave Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-13 Harmonic Current Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-14 Voltage Fluctuations Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-16 Conducted Immunity TestingIEC 61000-4-17 Ripple on DC Input Power Ports Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-18 Burst Immunity Test in Industrial EnvironmentsIEC 61000-4-19 Testing of Power Quality Parameters in TelecommunicationsIEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-21 Testing of Power Quality DisturbancesIEC 61000-4-23 Damped Oscillatory Magnetic Field TestIEC 61000-4-24 Testing of DC Input Ports ImmunityIEC 61000-4-25 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions ImmunityIEC 61000-4-26 Immunity to Voltage FluctuationsIEC 61000-4-27 Conducted Immunity Testing for RailwaysIEC 61000-4-28 Voltage Dips and Interruptions Immunity TestingIEC 61000-4-29 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations ImmunityIEC 61000-4-3 Radiated Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-30 Power Quality Measurement MethodsIEC 61000-4-32 Testing of Power Quality ParametersIEC 61000-4-33 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio-Frequency FieldsIEC 61000-4-34 Damped Oscillatory Transient Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-35 Power Quality Measurement TechniquesIEC 61000-4-36 High Frequency Conducted Disturbances Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-37 Immunity to Voltage Dips and InterruptionsIEC 61000-4-38 Conducted Immunity at Telecom PortsIEC 61000-4-4 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-40 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity for Household AppliancesIEC 61000-4-41 Power Quality Measurement - Harmonics and InterharmonicsIEC 61000-4-42 Immunity to Electromagnetic Disturbances in Power NetworksIEC 61000-4-43 Testing of Conducted EmissionsIEC 61000-4-44 Immunity Tests for RailwaysIEC 61000-4-45 Damped Oscillatory Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-46 Testing Immunity to Conducted DisturbancesIEC 61000-4-47 Immunity to HarmonicsIEC 61000-4-49 Power Quality Harmonics and Interharmonics MeasurementIEC 61000-4-5 Surge Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-50 Testing Immunity to Voltage FluctuationsIEC 61000-4-51 Measurement of Radiated EmissionsIEC 61000-4-52 Bulk Current Injection Test MethodIEC 61000-4-53 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio-Frequency FieldsIEC 61000-4-54 Power Frequency Magnetic Field ImmunityIEC 61000-4-6 Conducted Radio-Frequency Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-7 Measurement of Power Quality ParametersIEC 61000-4-8 Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-9 Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity TestIEC 61800-3 EMC Requirements for Adjustable Speed Electrical Power Drive SystemsISO 7637 Road Vehicles Electrical Transient Conduction Along Supply LinesMIL-STD-461 Electromagnetic Interference Requirements for Military Equipment

IEC 61000-4-31 Radiated Immunity Test Using Bulk Current Injection: A Comprehensive Guide to Eurolabs Laboratory Testing Service

The IEC 61000-4-31 standard, also known as Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-31: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated immunity test using bulk current injection, is a widely accepted international standard for evaluating the electromagnetic immunity of electronic devices. This standard provides a comprehensive framework for conducting radiated immunity tests using bulk current injection, ensuring that products can withstand various electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources in real-world environments.

The IEC 61000-4-31 standard is part of the broader IEC 61000 series, which covers various aspects of electromagnetic compatibility. The series includes standards for testing and measurement techniques, such as radiated immunity tests using bulk current injection (IEC 61000-4-31), conducted immunity tests (IEC 61000-4-3), and susceptibility tests (IEC 61000-4-6).

International and National Standards

The IEC 61000-4-31 standard is recognized worldwide as the benchmark for radiated immunity testing using bulk current injection. Many countries, including the United States (ASTM F667), Canada (CSA C22.2 No. 210.1), and Europe (EN 61000-4-31), have adopted this standard or created similar standards based on its requirements.

Standard Development Organizations

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the primary developer of the IEC 61000 series, including the IEC 61000-4-31 standard. Other organizations contributing to the development and maintenance of this standard include:

  • The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

  • The Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

  • The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

    • Standard Compliance Requirements

    Many industries, including automotive, aerospace, medical devices, and industrial automation, require compliance with the IEC 61000-4-31 standard. Failure to comply can result in product recalls, fines, or damage to a companys reputation.

    Business and Technical Reasons for Conducting IEC 61000-4-31 Testing

    Conducting IEC 61000-4-31 radiated immunity testing using bulk current injection is essential for several reasons:

    1. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Mitigation: Ensure that products can withstand various EMI sources, reducing the risk of electromagnetic interference-related problems.

    2. Product Safety and Reliability: Comply with regulatory requirements and industry standards to ensure product safety and reliability.

    3. Competitive Advantage: Demonstrate compliance with international standards, enhancing your companys reputation and competitiveness in the global market.

    4. Cost Savings: Avoid costly redesigns or rework due to EMI-related issues.

    The IEC 61000-4-31 standard requires that radiated immunity tests using bulk current injection be conducted under specific conditions, including:

  • Frequency range: 1 MHz to 10 GHz

  • Field strength: 50 V/m to 200 V/m

  • Polarization: Horizontal and vertical polarization

  • Measurement methods: Voltage and current measurements

    • Business and Technical Reasons for Conducting IEC 61000-4-31 Testing

    Conducting IEC 61000-4-31 radiated immunity testing using bulk current injection is essential for several reasons:

    1. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Mitigation: Ensure that products can withstand various EMI sources, reducing the risk of electromagnetic interference-related problems.

    2. Product Safety and Reliability: Comply with regulatory requirements and industry standards to ensure product safety and reliability.

    3. Competitive Advantage: Demonstrate compliance with international standards, enhancing your companys reputation and competitiveness in the global market.

    4. Cost Savings: Avoid costly redesigns or rework due to EMI-related issues.

    Conducting IEC 61000-4-31 radiated immunity testing using bulk current injection requires specialized equipment, expertise, and facilities. The testing process involves:

    1. Equipment Preparation: Set up the test equipment, including the bulk current injector, antennas, and measurement instruments.

    2. Sample Preparation: Prepare the product under test (PUT) for testing by connecting it to the test setup and ensuring proper grounding.

    3. Testing Parameters: Configure the testing parameters, including frequency range, field strength, polarization, and measurement methods.

    4. Data Collection and Analysis: Collect data during the test using measurement instruments and analyze it to determine the products radiated immunity performance.

    Test Procedure

    The IEC 61000-4-31 standard provides a detailed test procedure for conducting radiated immunity tests using bulk current injection:

    1. Preparation: Prepare the test equipment, sample under test (SUT), and measurement instruments.

    2. Measurement of Incident Field Strength: Measure the incident field strength at the SUT location.

    3. Radiated Immunity Test: Apply the specified voltage or current to the SUT while measuring the voltage or current on the SUT.

    4. Data Analysis: Analyze the measured data to determine the products radiated immunity performance.

    Test Results and Reporting

    After conducting the IEC 61000-4-31 radiated immunity test using bulk current injection, the results must be reported in a clear and concise manner:

    1. Pass/Fail Criteria: Determine whether the product passes or fails based on the measured data.

    2. Documentation: Document all testing parameters, measurement data, and analysis results.

    3. Reporting: Report the test results to relevant stakeholders, including regulatory authorities and industry organizations.

    Conclusion

    The IEC 61000-4-31 standard is a widely accepted international standard for evaluating the electromagnetic immunity of electronic devices using radiated immunity tests with bulk current injection. Conducting this testing is essential for ensuring product safety and reliability, as well as compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards. Eurolabs laboratory testing service provides specialized equipment, expertise, and facilities to help companies meet these requirements.

    About Eurolab

    Eurolab is a leading provider of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing services, including radiated immunity tests using bulk current injection. With experienced engineers and state-of-the-art test facilities, Eurolab helps companies ensure compliance with international standards and regulations. Contact us today to learn more about our IEC 61000-4-31 radiated immunity testing service.

    References

  • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). (2016). Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-31: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated immunity test using bulk current injection.

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). F667 Standard Test Method for Radiated Immunity of Electronic Devices.

  • Canadian Standards Association (CSA). C22.2 No. 210.1 Standard for Electrical Equipment for the Supply of Power to Automotive Vehicles.

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