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astm-c174-bulk-specific-gravity-and-density-of-compacted-asphalt-mixtures-using-saturated-surface-dry-specimens
Aggregate Testing AASHTO T104 Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateAASHTO T113 Lightweight Particles in AggregateAASHTO T176 Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregate and SoilsAASHTO T255 Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine AggregateAASHTO T27 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesAASHTO T304 Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingAASHTO T84 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine AggregateAASHTO T85 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse AggregateAASHTO T96 Resistance to Degradation of Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles MachineASTM C113 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)ASTM C117 Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingASTM C117 Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingASTM C123 Gradation of Fine AggregateASTM C1231 Petrographic Examination of AggregatesASTM C127 Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateASTM C128 Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateASTM C131 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and ImpactASTM C131 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and ImpactASTM C131 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and ImpactASTM C136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesASTM C1365 Determination of Particle Shape Characteristics of Fine AggregateASTM C142 Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in AggregatesASTM C143 Gradation of AggregateASTM C29 Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in AggregateASTM C295 Petrographic Examination of AggregatesASTM C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesASTM C40 Organic Impurities in Fine AggregateASTM C535 Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles MachineASTM C566 Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingASTM C566 Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingASTM C70 Surface Moisture in Fine AggregateASTM C88 Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateASTM C88 Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateASTM D1556 Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone MethodASTM D1557 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified EffortASTM D2419 Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine AggregateASTM D4318 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of SoilsASTM D448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge ConstructionASTM D4791 Flat Particles, Elongation Index, and Degradation of Coarse AggregateASTM D5821 Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry SpecimensASTM D698 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard EffortASTM D75 Sampling AggregatesBS 812-103 Testing Aggregates – Particle Size DistributionBS 812-110 Shape and Texture of Aggregate ParticlesBS 812-111 Determination of Aggregate Flakiness IndexBS EN 1097-2 Mechanical and Physical Properties TestingBS EN 932-1 General Sampling of AggregatesBS EN 932-3 Particle Size DistributionBS EN 933-3 Determination of Particle ShapeEN 1097-2 Tests for Mechanical and Physical Properties of Aggregates — Part 2: Methods for Determination of Resistance to FragmentationEN 1097-6 Determination of Particle Density and Water AbsorptionEN 1097-7 Determination of the Resistance to Wear by AbrasionEN 12620 Aggregates for ConcreteEN 13043 Aggregates for Bituminous Mixtures and Surface Treatments for Roads, Airfields, and Other Trafficked AreasEN 932-2 Tests for General Properties of Aggregates — Part 2: Methods for SamplingEN 933-1 Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates — Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution — Sieving MethodISO 11272 Determination of Resistance to Crushing of Coarse AggregateISO 13503-2 Determination of Particle Size DistributionISO 19579 Determination of Aggregate Angularity

ASTM C174 Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens Laboratory Testing Service

The ASTM C174 Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens testing service is a critical component of the asphalt mixture testing process. This test is governed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, which provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the bulk specific gravity and density of compacted asphalt mixtures.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

The ASTM C174 standard is a widely accepted international standard that provides a uniform method for determining the bulk specific gravity and density of compacted asphalt mixtures. This standard is recognized by regulatory agencies, such as the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the United States, and is used as a basis for compliance with various regulations and standards.

International and National Standards

The ASTM C174 standard is based on international standards, including:

  • ISO 14688-1:2018 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Identification and classification of soils

  • EN 13286-1:2015 - Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures - Part 1: Test methods for mechanical properties

    • National standards that apply to this specific laboratory test include:

  • ASTM C174 - Standard Practice for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens

  • AASHTO T209 - Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compact Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA)

    • Standard Development Organizations

    The development of the ASTM C174 standard is overseen by the ASTM Committee D18 on Road and Paving Materials. This committee consists of experts from various industries, including asphalt manufacturers, testing laboratories, and regulatory agencies.

    Standards Evolution and Updates

    Standards are regularly reviewed and updated to reflect advances in technology, changes in regulations, and evolving industry needs. The ASTM C174 standard has undergone several revisions since its initial publication in 1995.

    Standard Numbers and Scope

    The relevant standard numbers for the ASTM C174 testing service include:

  • ASTM C174 - Standard Practice for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens

  • AASHTO T209 - Standard Method of Test for Bulk Specific Gravity (Gmb) and Density of Compact Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA)

    • The scope of these standards includes:

  • Determining the bulk specific gravity and density of compacted asphalt mixtures using saturated surface-dry specimens

  • Establishing a uniform method for evaluating the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures

    • Standard Compliance Requirements

    Compliance with ASTM C174 is required by various industries, including:

  • Asphalt manufacturers: To ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards

  • Testing laboratories: To provide accurate and reliable test results

  • Regulatory agencies: To enforce compliance with standards and regulations

    • Non-compliance with ASTM C174 can result in significant consequences, including:

  • Product rejection or recall

  • Regulatory fines and penalties

  • Loss of business reputation and customer trust

    • The ASTM C174 standard is widely recognized and accepted by regulatory agencies, industry organizations, and testing laboratories worldwide. Compliance with this standard is essential for ensuring the quality and performance of asphalt mixtures.

    Why This Specific Test is Needed

    The bulk specific gravity and density of compacted asphalt mixtures are critical properties that affect the performance and durability of pavement structures. The ASTM C174 testing service provides a comprehensive evaluation of these properties, enabling engineers to select suitable materials for construction projects.

    Business and Technical Reasons

    The technical reasons for conducting the ASTM C174 testing service include:

  • Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements

  • Evaluating the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures

  • Selecting suitable materials for pavement construction

    • The business reasons include:

  • Reducing product rejection and recall rates

  • Minimizing regulatory fines and penalties

  • Increasing customer confidence and trust

    • Consequences of Not Performing This Test

    Non-compliance with ASTM C174 can result in significant consequences, including:

  • Product rejection or recall

  • Regulatory fines and penalties

  • Loss of business reputation and customer trust

    • Industries and Sectors that Require this Testing

    The following industries and sectors require the ASTM C174 testing service:

  • Asphalt manufacturers

  • Testing laboratories

  • Regulatory agencies

  • Construction companies

  • Engineering firms

    • Risk Factors and Safety Implications

    The risk factors associated with non-compliance with ASTM C174 include:

  • Product rejection or recall

  • Regulatory fines and penalties

  • Loss of business reputation and customer trust

    • The safety implications include:

  • Pavement failure due to inadequate material selection

  • Increased maintenance costs and downtime

  • Loss of human life and property damage

    • The ASTM C174 standard is widely recognized and accepted by regulatory agencies, industry organizations, and testing laboratories worldwide. Compliance with this standard is essential for ensuring the quality and performance of asphalt mixtures.

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    Industries and Sectors that Require This Testing

    The following industries and sectors require the ASTM C174 testing service:

  • Asphalt manufacturers

  • Testing laboratories

  • Regulatory agencies

  • Construction companies

  • Engineering firms

    • Risk Factors and Safety Implications

    The risk factors associated with non-compliance with ASTM C174 include:

  • Product rejection or recall

  • Regulatory fines and penalties

  • Loss of business reputation and customer trust

    • The safety implications include:

  • Pavement failure due to inadequate material selection

  • Increased maintenance costs and downtime

  • Loss of human life and property damage

    • Benefits of Compliance

    Compliance with ASTM C174 offers numerous benefits, including:

  • Improved product quality and performance

  • Reduced risk of product rejection or recall

  • Minimized regulatory fines and penalties

  • Increased customer confidence and trust

  • Enhanced business reputation

    • Challenges and Limitations

    While compliance with ASTM C174 is essential for ensuring the quality and performance of asphalt mixtures, there are several challenges and limitations to consider:

  • High testing costs

  • Limited availability of qualified testing personnel

  • Complexity of test procedures

  • Potential for errors or inconsistencies in test results

    • Conclusion

    In conclusion, the ASTM C174 Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens testing service is a critical component of the asphalt mixture testing process. Compliance with this standard is essential for ensuring the quality and performance of pavement structures.

    The benefits of compliance include improved product quality and performance, reduced risk of product rejection or recall, minimized regulatory fines and penalties, increased customer confidence and trust, and enhanced business reputation.

    However, there are several challenges and limitations to consider, including high testing costs, limited availability of qualified testing personnel, complexity of test procedures, and potential for errors or inconsistencies in test results.

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