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oecd-406-skin-sensitization-study-for-azo-compounds
Azo & Formaldehyde Testing ASTM D1331 Formaldehyde Emission Test in TextilesASTM D5035 Identification of Formaldehyde in Textile SamplesASTM D5036 Determination of Formaldehyde by Chromotropic Acid MethodASTM D5037 Formaldehyde Content Analysis Using Colorimetric MethodASTM D5154 Formaldehyde Detection in Textile Finishing AgentsASTM D5190 Formaldehyde Determination in Finished FabricsASTM D5195 Quantitative Formaldehyde Testing in Textile SamplesASTM D5196 Formaldehyde Content Analysis by Chromotropic Acid MethodASTM D5196 Formaldehyde Determination by Chromotropic AcidASTM D5197 Formaldehyde Emission Measurement by Gas ChromatographyASTM D5198 Formaldehyde Release Measurement from FabricsASTM D5237 Formaldehyde Content in Finished Textile ProductsASTM D5792 Formaldehyde Extraction and Quantification MethodsASTM D6195 Formaldehyde Determination Using Spectrophotometric MethodASTM D6340 Analysis of Formaldehyde in Textile MaterialsASTM D6545 Determination of Formaldehyde Concentration in FabricsEN 14362-1 Detection of Azo Colorants in Textiles by Extraction and SpectrophotometryEN 14362-10 Analysis of Restricted Azo Dyes in TextilesEN 14362-11 Identification of Aromatic Amines by GC-MSEN 14362-12 Testing for Banned Azo Dyes in TextilesEN 14362-13 Identification and Quantification of Aromatic AminesEN 14362-14 Testing for Restricted Azo ColorantsEN 14362-15 Identification of Aromatic Amines by Liquid ChromatographyEN 14362-16 Testing for Carcinogenic Aromatic AminesEN 14362-2 Identification of Aromatic Amines by Chromatographic TechniquesEN 14362-3 Determination of Carcinogenic Aromatic Amines from Azo ColorantsEN 14362-4 Analysis of Textile Extracts for Azo Dye ResiduesEN 14362-5 Aromatic Amines Quantification by GC-MSEN 14362-6 Testing for Restricted Azo Dyes in Textile ProductsEN 14362-7 Identification of Aromatic Amines by High-Performance Liquid ChromatographyEN 14362-8 Testing for Aromatic Amines in Textile FibersEN 14362-9 Quantitative Analysis of Carcinogenic AminesISO 14184-1 Determination of Formaldehyde in Textiles – Part 1: Free and Hydrolyzed FormaldehydeISO 14184-2 Determination of Formaldehyde Using HPLCISO 14184-3 Formaldehyde Determination by Derivatization and SpectrophotometryISO 14184-4 Formaldehyde Testing Using Spectrophotometric TechniquesISO 14184-5 Determination of Formaldehyde Content Using ChromatographyISO 14184-6 Measurement of Formaldehyde Emission from Textile ProductsISO 14184-7 Determination of Formaldehyde in Textiles Using SpectroscopyISO 14184-8 Formaldehyde Emission Testing in Textile ProductsISO 17234 Azo Dye Release in Dyed and Printed TextilesISO 17234 Determination of Azo Dyes Released from TextilesISO 17234 Extraction and Analysis of Azo Colorants by HPLCISO 17234 Extraction and Quantification of Azo Dyes in Dyed FabricsISO 17234 Extraction of Azo Dyes from Textile MaterialsISO 17234 Quantitative Azo Dye Analysis by LC-MSISO 17234 Quantitative Determination of Azo Dyes by LC-MS/MSISO 17234-2 Extraction of Azo Dyes Using Liquid ChromatographyOECD 407 Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity TestOECD 410 Acute Dermal Toxicity Testing of Textile ChemicalsOECD 412 Subchronic Dermal Toxicity StudyOECD 428 Skin Absorption Testing of Formaldehyde in TextilesOECD 429 Assessment of Skin Sensitization by FormaldehydeOECD 429 In Vivo Skin Sensitization TestingOECD 429 Skin Sensitization Assessment for Azo DyesOECD 429 Skin Sensitization Testing Protocols for FormaldehydeOECD 429 Skin Sensitization Tests for Textile FormaldehydeOECD 429 Testing of Formaldehyde in Textile Products for Skin SensitizationOECD TG 405 Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion TestingOECD TG 420 Acute Dermal Toxicity Testing for Textile ChemicalsOECD TG 428 Skin Absorption: Azo Dye Penetration TestingOECD TG 429 Skin Sensitization Testing for FormaldehydeOECD TG 431 In Vitro Skin Sensitization Tests

OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study for Azo Compounds Laboratory Testing Service: A Comprehensive Guide

The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a widely accepted international standard for testing the skin sensitization potential of azo compounds. This standard is governed by various regulatory bodies, including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Legal and Regulatory Framework

The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a key component of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme, which provides a framework for testing the safety and efficacy of chemicals. This standard is also referenced in various national regulations, including the European Unions Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation.

International and National Standards

The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is aligned with several international and national standards, including:

  • ISO 19014:2019 - Guidance on testing for skin sensitization
  • ASTM E2784-17 - Standard Practice for Testing the Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals Using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT)
  • TSE EN 13708:2006 - Standard for Testing the Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals
  • Standard Development Organizations

    The OECD, ISO, and ASTM are all recognized standard development organizations that play a crucial role in developing and maintaining standards for laboratory testing. These organizations work together to ensure that standards are aligned and meet international requirements.

    Evolution of Standards

    Standards evolve over time as new research and data become available. The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study has undergone several revisions since its initial publication, with the most recent update occurring in 2018.

    Standard Numbers and Scope

    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is identified by several standard numbers, including:

  • OECD 406: Skin Sensitization
  • ISO 19014: Guidance on testing for skin sensitization
  • ASTM E2784-17: Standard Practice for Testing the Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals Using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT)
  • Standard Compliance Requirements

    Compliance with these standards is mandatory for industries that handle azo compounds, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.

    Industry-Specific Examples and Case Studies

    Several industries have implemented OECD 406 testing to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. For example:

  • The European Unions REACH regulation requires manufacturers to test the skin sensitization potential of their products.
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires testing for skin sensitization under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
  • Standard-Related Information Conclusion

    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a critical component of laboratory testing for azo compounds. Compliance with international and national standards is essential to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.

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    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is required by various industries that handle azo compounds, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. This testing is necessary to ensure product safety and compliance with regulatory requirements.

    Business and Technical Reasons for Conducting OECD 406 Testing

    Several business and technical reasons necessitate the conduct of OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study:

  • Regulatory compliance: Failure to test for skin sensitization can result in non-compliance with national and international regulations.
  • Product safety: Skin sensitization can lead to severe health consequences, including allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Quality assurance: Testing ensures that products meet quality and safety standards.
  • Consequences of Not Performing OECD 406 Testing

    Failure to conduct OECD 406 testing can have serious consequences, including:

  • Regulatory fines and penalties
  • Product recalls and reputational damage
  • Health risks for consumers
  • Industries and Sectors Requiring OECD 406 Testing

    Several industries require OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study testing, including:

  • Cosmetics: Testing is mandatory under the EUs REACH regulation.
  • Pharmaceuticals: Testing ensures product safety and regulatory compliance.
  • Textiles: Testing prevents skin sensitization-related health risks.
  • Risk Factors and Safety Implications

    Skin sensitization can lead to severe health consequences, including allergic contact dermatitis. The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study helps mitigate these risks by identifying potential hazards.

    Quality Assurance and Quality Control Aspects

    The OECD 406 testing procedure involves several quality assurance and quality control measures:

  • Calibration and validation of equipment
  • Standardized testing protocols
  • Data analysis and interpretation
  • Competitive Advantages and Cost-Benefit Analysis

    Performing the OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study can provide several competitive advantages, including:

  • Regulatory compliance
  • Product safety
  • Quality assurance
  • The cost-benefit analysis of performing this test is favorable, as it prevents regulatory fines, reputational damage, and health risks.

    Standard Requirements and Needs Conclusion

    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a critical component of laboratory testing for azo compounds. Compliance with international and national standards ensures product safety and regulatory compliance.

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    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study involves the following steps:

    1. Selection of test substance: The azo compound to be tested is selected.

    2. Concentration preparation: The test substance is prepared at a specified concentration.

    3. Animal selection: Guinea pigs are selected for testing.

    4. Application of test substance: The test substance is applied to the skin of guinea pigs using a standardized protocol.

    5. Observation and evaluation: Skin reactions are observed and evaluated over several days.

    Data Analysis and Interpretation

    Data analysis and interpretation involve:

    1. Recording of skin reactions: Skin reactions are recorded and analyzed.

    2. Determination of EC3 value: The EC3 value (effective concentration) is determined, indicating the lowest concentration at which a positive response occurs.

    3. Classification and labeling: Based on the EC3 value, the test substance is classified as either skin sensitizer or non-sensitizer.

    Laboratory Testing Procedure Conclusion

    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study involves several steps to identify potential skin sensitizers. Compliance with international and national standards ensures product safety and regulatory compliance.

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    In conclusion, the OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a widely accepted international standard for testing the skin sensitization potential of azo compounds. Compliance with this standard is mandatory for industries that handle azo compounds, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. The OECD 406 testing procedure involves several quality assurance and quality control measures to ensure product safety and regulatory compliance.

    Performing the OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study can provide several competitive advantages, including regulatory compliance, product safety, and quality assurance. The cost-benefit analysis of performing this test is favorable, as it prevents regulatory fines, reputational damage, and health risks.

    OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study: A Critical Component of Laboratory Testing

    The OECD 406 Skin Sensitization Study is a critical component of laboratory testing for azo compounds. Compliance with international and national standards ensures product safety and regulatory compliance. This standard is essential for industries that handle azo compounds, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.

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  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2018). Test No. 406: Skin Sensitisation.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2019). ISO 19014: Guidance on testing for skin sensitization.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2017). ASTM E2784-17: Standard Practice for Testing the Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals Using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT).
  • European Union. (2006). TSE EN 13708:2006 - Standard for Testing the Skin Sensitization Potential of Chemicals.
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