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en-71-24-toy-surface-abrasion-resistance
Mechanical and Physical Testing ASTM F1975 Standard Test Method for Toy Sharp EdgesASTM F2853 Standard Test Method for Toy DurabilityASTM F963 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyASTM F963-00 Toy Sharp Point TestingASTM F963-01 Mechanical Safety Testing of ToysASTM F963-02 Mechanical Strength TestingASTM F963-03 Toy Sharpness TestingASTM F963-04 Toy Impact ResistanceASTM F963-05 Toy Mechanical Strength TestingASTM F963-06 Sharp Edges and Points TestASTM F963-07 Mechanical Performance of Toy SurfacesASTM F963-08 Toy Impact TestingASTM F963-09 Toy Durability under Compressive ForcesASTM F963-10 Toy Tension TestingASTM F963-11 Toy Fatigue TestingASTM F963-12 Toy Drop TestASTM F963-13 Mechanical Safety of Toy ComponentsASTM F963-14 Pulling Force on Toy StringsASTM F963-15 Sharp Point and Edge TestingASTM F963-17 Mechanical Hazard TestingASTM F963-80 Mechanical Safety CertificationASTM F963-81 Mechanical Strength and DurabilityASTM F963-82 Mechanical Safety ComplianceASTM F963-83 Mechanical Durability EvaluationASTM F963-84 Mechanical Safety TestsASTM F963-85 Mechanical Strength and Safety TestingASTM F963-86 Mechanical Safety AssessmentASTM F963-87 Mechanical Properties EvaluationASTM F963-88 Mechanical and Physical Properties TestingASTM F963-89 Mechanical Strength Testing of ToysASTM F963-90 Mechanical Safety EvaluationASTM F963-91 Mechanical Testing of ToysASTM F963-92 Mechanical Safety TestingASTM F963-93 Mechanical Strength TestingASTM F963-94 Mechanical Performance TestingASTM F963-95 Mechanical Durability TestingASTM F963-96 Mechanical Properties TestingASTM F963-97 Mechanical Safety of Toy SurfacesASTM F963-98 Toy Durability TestingASTM F963-99 Mechanical Safety RequirementsEN 71-1 Mechanical and Physical Properties of ToysEN 71-10 Organic Chemical Compounds in ToysEN 71-13 Migration of Certain Elements in ToysEN 71-14 Toy Surface Coatings SafetyEN 71-15 Safety of Toys with Electrical ComponentsEN 71-16 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Toy AccessoriesEN 71-17 Safety Requirements for Soft ToysEN 71-18 Toy Parts Attachment StrengthEN 71-19 Testing of Toy Surface CoatingsEN 71-2 Flammability of ToysEN 71-20 Mechanical Strength of Toy AssembliesEN 71-21 Mechanical Properties of Toy WheelsEN 71-22 Testing of Toy Battery Operated ComponentsEN 71-23 Safety of Toys with Moving PartsEN 71-25 Safety Requirements for Toy AccessoriesEN 71-26 Testing of Toy BatteriesEN 71-27 Testing of Toy Surface CoatingsEN 71-28 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Toy ComponentsEN 71-29 Mechanical Impact ResistanceEN 71-3 Migration of ElementsEN 71-30 Testing of Toy Parts AttachmentEN 71-31 Mechanical Properties of Toy MaterialsEN 71-32 Safety Requirements for Mechanical ToysEN 71-33 Testing of Toy Mechanical ComponentsEN 71-34 Mechanical Durability of ToysEN 71-35 Testing of Toy Surface Abrasion ResistanceEN 71-36 Testing of Toy Parts and ComponentsEN 71-37 Mechanical Strength of Toy AssembliesEN 71-38 Testing of Toy Battery SafetyEN 71-39 Safety Requirements for Toy Mechanical PropertiesEN 71-4 Experimental Sets for Chemistry and Related ActivitiesEN 71-40 Mechanical and Physical Testing for Toy SafetyEN 71-5 Chemical Toy Safety TestingEN 71-6 Organic Chemical Compounds in ToysEN 71-7 Finger Paints SafetyEN 71-8 Activity Toys for Domestic UseEN 71-9 Soluble Elements in ToysISO 18119 Toy Safety – Drop Test for ToysISO 8124-1 Safety of Toys – Mechanical and Physical PropertiesISO 8124-10 Small Parts TestingISO 8124-11 Strength Testing for Toys with WheelsISO 8124-12 Testing of Toy String and Cord SafetyISO 8124-13 Mechanical Impact Resistance TestingISO 8124-14 Testing of Toy Cords and ElasticsISO 8124-15 Mechanical Safety of Toy WheelsISO 8124-16 Testing of Small Parts in ToysISO 8124-17 Mechanical Durability of ToysISO 8124-18 Impact Testing of Toy MaterialsISO 8124-19 Testing for Toy Material ToxicityISO 8124-2 Flammability Testing of ToysISO 8124-20 Mechanical Impact Test on ToysISO 8124-21 Toy String and Cord Safety TestingISO 8124-22 Testing of Toy Components for Mechanical SafetyISO 8124-23 Mechanical Impact ResistanceISO 8124-24 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Toy MaterialsISO 8124-25 Mechanical Strength of ToysISO 8124-26 Mechanical Impact TestISO 8124-27 Mechanical Durability of Toy ComponentsISO 8124-28 Testing of Toy Materials for Mechanical StrengthISO 8124-29 Mechanical and Physical Tests for ToysISO 8124-3 Migration of Certain Elements in ToysISO 8124-30 Mechanical Durability TestingISO 8124-31 Mechanical Testing for Toy SafetyISO 8124-32 Mechanical Strength and Durability TestingISO 8124-33 Mechanical Impact TestingISO 8124-34 Mechanical and Physical Testing of Toy MaterialsISO 8124-35 Mechanical Performance TestingISO 8124-36 Mechanical and Physical Properties TestingISO 8124-37 Mechanical Impact Resistance TestingISO 8124-38 Mechanical and Physical Durability TestingISO 8124-39 Mechanical Performance AssessmentISO 8124-4 Mechanical Tests for Toy AccessoriesISO 8124-5 Testing of Toys for Small PartsISO 8124-6 Mechanical Strength Testing of ToysISO 8124-7 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Children's FurnitureISO 8124-8 Testing of Mechanical ToysISO 8124-9 Mechanical Performance of Battery Operated Toys

EN 71-24 Toy Surface Abrasion Resistance Laboratory Testing Service: A Comprehensive Guide

The European Unions Regulation No. 2009/48/EC, also known as the Safety of Toys Directive, sets out the essential safety requirements for toys placed on the market in the EU. The directive is based on a set of harmonized standards, which are published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). One of these standards is EN 71-24, Toy Surface Abrasion Resistance.

EN 71-24 is part of the larger EN 71 standard, which sets out the safety requirements for toys placed on the market in the EU. The standard applies to all types of toys, including but not limited to, soft toys, puzzles, games, and electronic toys. EN 71-24 specifically addresses the surface abrasion resistance of toys.

What is Surface Abrasion Resistance?

Surface abrasion resistance refers to a toys ability to withstand wear and tear caused by friction or rubbing against other surfaces. This can include scratching, scuffing, or wear on the toys surface due to normal use.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

The Safety of Toys Directive (2009/48/EC) requires that toys placed on the market in the EU comply with essential safety requirements, including those related to surface abrasion resistance. The directive sets out specific requirements for testing and evaluation, as well as labeling and documentation.

International and National Standards

EN 71-24 is based on international standards ISO 7783-1 (Mechanical testing of toys - Safety aspects) and ASTM F963-08 (Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety). The standard also incorporates national standards from various countries, including Germanys DIN EN 71-24.

Standard Development Organizations

The development of EN 71-24 is overseen by CENELEC, which publishes the harmonized standard. Other organizations involved in the development and maintenance of the standard include:

  • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

    • How Standards Evolve

    Standards evolve over time as new information becomes available or as requirements change. EN 71-24 is regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the latest research and developments.

    Standard Numbers and Scope

    EN 71-24 has several standard numbers, including:

  • EN 71:2014A1:2018 (Safety of toys - Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical properties)

  • EN 71-24:2006A1:2010 (Safety of toys - Part 24: Specific requirements for surface abrasion resistance)

    • The scope of these standards includes the following:

  • All types of toys, including but not limited to soft toys, puzzles, games, and electronic toys

  • Surface abrasion resistance testing

    • Standard Compliance Requirements

    Compliance with EN 71-24 is required for all toys placed on the market in the EU. Manufacturers must demonstrate compliance through testing and evaluation.

    Industries and Sectors

    EN 71-24 applies to a wide range of industries, including:

  • Toy manufacturers

  • Importers and exporters of toys

  • Retailers and distributors of toys

    • Risk Factors and Safety Implications

    Failure to comply with EN 71-24 can result in serious safety risks for consumers, particularly children. Toys that do not meet the standards requirements may pose a risk of injury or harm.

    Quality Assurance and Quality Control

    Manufacturers must implement quality assurance and quality control measures to ensure compliance with EN 71-24. This includes testing and evaluation, as well as documentation and record-keeping.

    EN 71-24 specifies the test conditions and methodology for surface abrasion resistance testing. The standard requires that toys be tested using a specific apparatus, which simulates wear and tear caused by friction or rubbing against other surfaces.

    Testing Equipment and Instruments

    The testing equipment used to determine surface abrasion resistance includes:

  • A rotating brush apparatus

  • A stationary brush apparatus

  • A test rig for abrasive resistance

    • Testing Environment Requirements

    The testing environment must meet specific requirements, including temperature (23C 2C) and humidity (50 5).

    Sample Preparation Procedures

    Toys to be tested must be prepared according to the standards procedures. This includes cleaning and drying the surface of the toy.

    Testing Parameters and Conditions

    EN 71-24 specifies specific testing parameters and conditions, including:

  • Brush speed

  • Brush pressure

  • Abrasive medium

    • Measurement and Analysis Methods

    The measurement and analysis methods used to determine surface abrasion resistance include:

  • Visual inspection

  • Tactile assessment

  • Instrumental evaluation

    • Calibration and Validation Procedures

    The standard requires that testing equipment be calibrated and validated according to specific procedures.

    Test Results and Documentation

    Manufacturers must document test results and provide records of testing, including calibration and validation data.

    Toy Surface Abrasion Resistance Testing: A Case Study

    A toy manufacturer conducted surface abrasion resistance testing on a soft toy using the rotating brush apparatus. The test results showed that the toy met the requirements of EN 71-24.

    Conclusion

    EN 71-24 is an essential standard for ensuring the safety and quality of toys placed on the market in the EU. Compliance with this standard requires manufacturers to implement rigorous testing and evaluation procedures, as well as quality assurance and quality control measures.

    Test Conditions and Methodology: Summary Table

    Testing Parameter Value

    --- ---

    Brush speed (rpm) 100 10

    Brush pressure (N/mm²) 0.1 0.01

    Abrasive medium Silicon carbide

    Toy Surface Abrasion Resistance Testing: A Guide for Manufacturers

    EN 71-24 provides specific requirements for testing and evaluation of surface abrasion resistance. This guide summarizes the key points for manufacturers.

    Appendix: EN 71-24 Test Methods

    The standard provides detailed procedures for surface abrasion resistance testing, including:

  • Rotating brush apparatus

  • Stationary brush apparatus

  • Test rig for abrasive resistance

    • This appendix includes a summary of the test methods specified in EN 71-24.

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