EUROLAB
aoac-97818-total-coliform-test-in-shellfish
Microbiological Testing AOAC 2000.14 Aerobic Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 2001.02 Surface Swab Testing in Kitchen EquipmentAOAC 2003.01 Campylobacter Detection in Poultry ProductsAOAC 2003.07 Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Food and Environmental SamplesAOAC 2004.02 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuiceAOAC 2004.05 Mold Count in Nuts and SeedsAOAC 2005.03 Detection of Enterotoxins in Canned VegetablesAOAC 2007.01 Listeria Detection in Processed MeatsAOAC 2008.06 Norovirus Detection in Leafy GreensAOAC 2011.02 E. coli O157:H7 Testing in SproutsAOAC 2011.03 Detection of Cronobacter spp. in Infant FormulaAOAC 2013.09 Vibrio Detection in SeafoodAOAC 2015.01 Enumeration of Thermophilic Spores in MilkAOAC 2016.03 Total Aerobic Bacteria in Raw VegetablesAOAC 2017.09 Yeast Detection in BeveragesAOAC 2020.01 Cronobacter Enumeration in Infant CerealsAOAC 978.18 Standard Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 978.24 Total Coliform Count in Food SamplesAOAC 983.19 Coliforms in Ice Cream ProductsAOAC 986.33 Staphylococcus aureus Count in SandwichesAOAC 990.12 Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci in FoodAOAC 990.12 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermented FoodsAOAC 991.14 Bacillus cereus Detection in Cooked RiceAOAC 991.14 Salmonella Detection Using ELISA MethodAOAC 991.15 Detection of Bacillus cereus in FoodsAOAC 996.08 Listeria monocytogenes Screening in Ready-to-Eat FoodsAOAC 996.08 Salmonella Detection in Dried FoodsAOAC 998.08 Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in FoodsAOAC 998.08 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuicesASTM D4783 Rapid Enumeration of Aerobic Microorganisms in Food PackagingASTM E1428 Evaluation of Antifungal Properties on Food Contact SurfacesASTM E2617 Detection of Mycotoxins-Producing Fungi by PCRASTM E2754 Standard Guide for Sampling of Microbial Contamination on SurfacesASTM E2876 Determination of Bacterial Endotoxins in Water Used in Food ProcessingASTM E2881 Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Food Using BiosensorEN 13697 Quantitative Surface Testing for Microbial ReductionEN 13704 Sporocidal Activity Testing of Disinfectants in Food AreasEN 1650 Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal ActivityEN ISO 10272-1 Detection of Campylobacter in Raw ChickenEN ISO 10272-2 Enumeration of Campylobacter in MeatEN ISO 11290-1 Detection of Listeria in Vacuum-Packaged FishEN ISO 11290-2 Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in Soft CheeseEN ISO 11731 Detection of Legionella in Cooling Tower WaterEN ISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Hot Water SystemsEN ISO 11731-2 Legionella Detection in Low Nutrient EnvironmentsEN ISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. in Refrigerated ProductsEN ISO 13720 Spoilage Bacteria Testing in Vacuum-Packaged MeatEN ISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in FoodEN ISO 14189 Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes in Food Water SystemsEN ISO 15213 Enumeration of Anaerobic Bacteria in Canned FoodsEN ISO 15216-1 Detection of Norovirus and HAV in ShellfishEN ISO 15216-2 Quantitative Detection of Norovirus in BerriesEN ISO 16212 Detection of Fungi in Plant-Based FoodEN ISO 16266 Detection of Pseudomonas in Drinking WaterEN ISO 16649 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16649-1 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16654 Detection of E. coli O157 in Leafy GreensEN ISO 17410 Counting of Psychrotrophs in Refrigerated Ready MealsEN ISO 17604 Swab Sampling Techniques in Meat IndustryEN ISO 17604-2 Sampling for Bacterial Analysis in PoultryEN ISO 18465 Detection of Human Norovirus in OystersEN ISO 18465 Norovirus Detection in Frozen ShellfishEN ISO 19036 Statistical Uncertainty in Microbiological ResultsEN ISO 21149 Microbial Limits in Cosmetic Food-Based IngredientsEN ISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeast in Acidified Canned ProductsEN ISO 21527-2 Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds in Acidic FoodEN ISO 21528-1 Total Enterobacteriaceae Count in SpicesEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in ConfectioneryEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in FoodEN ISO 22117 Quality Assurance for Microbiological Testing LabsEN ISO 22118 Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodEN ISO 22964 Detection of Cronobacter in Dairy-Based DessertsEN ISO 22964 Detection of Enterobacteriaceae in Powdered MilkEN ISO 29201 Quantification of Virus Particles in Food WastewaterEN ISO 4832 Coliform Count in Processed FoodEN ISO 6222 Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria in Bottled WaterEN ISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in SpicesEN ISO 6579-3 Salmonella Serotyping MethodsEN ISO 6887 Preparation of Test Samples and Dilutions for Microbiological TestingEN ISO 6887-1 Preparation of Test Samples from Raw Food MaterialsEN ISO 6887-3 Sample Preparation for Fishery ProductsEN ISO 6887-4 Preparation of Test Samples from Frozen ProductsEN ISO 6887-5 Preparation of Samples from Prepared MealsEN ISO 6887-6 Sample Prep for Dry Foods and PowdersEN ISO 6888-2 Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in Egg ProductsEN ISO 6888-3 Detection of Staphylococcus in Ready-to-Eat MealsEN ISO 6888-3 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive StaphylococciEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Expression of Results in CFUEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Plate Count Method in Microbiological LabsEN ISO 7218 Procedures for Colony Counting in MicrobiologyEN ISO 7932 Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated FoodsEN ISO 7937 Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in GravyEN ISO 8199 General Requirements for Microbiological Methods in WaterEN ISO 8199 Method Validation for Microbiological Water TestingEN ISO 9308-1 Detection of E. coli in Treated WastewaterEN ISO 9308-2 Membrane Filtration for Coliform Bacteria in BeveragesISO 10272-1 Campylobacter Detection in PoultryISO 11290-1 Detection and Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodsISO 11290-1 Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 11290-2 Listeria Count in Cold-Stored FoodsISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Bottled WaterISO 13136 VTEC Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. Enumeration in Chilled FoodsISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in WaterISO 15213 Anaerobic Bacteria Testing in Canned FoodISO 15213 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing BacteriaISO 15214 Lactic Acid Bacteria Enumeration in Fermented FoodISO 15216-1 Hepatitis A Virus Detection in Frozen BerriesISO 15216-2 Norovirus Detection in Processed VegetablesISO 16211 Anaerobic Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria TestingISO 16212 Fungi Testing in Cosmetic Food IngredientsISO 16266 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bottled WaterISO 16649-2 E. coli Enumeration in Raw MeatISO 16649-2 Enumeration of Escherichia coli by Colony-count TechniqueISO 16649-3 Beta-Glucuronidase E. coli DetectionISO 16654 E. coli O157 Detection in Ground BeefISO 17410 Detection of Psychrotrophic Microorganisms in Meat ProductsISO 17410 Psychrotrophic Microorganism Testing in Chilled FoodsISO 17604 Carcass Surface Microbial Sampling in SlaughterhousesISO 17604 Microbiological Swabbing of Animal CarcassesISO 17994 Comparative Testing for Microbiological Water AnalysisISO 18465 Norovirus Testing in ShellfishISO 18593 Surface Swab Microbiological Analysis in Food FacilitiesISO 19020 Food Processing Surface Hygiene MonitoringISO 19036 Uncertainty Estimation in Microbiological CountsISO 21149 Microbiological Examination in Cosmetic Raw Food MaterialsISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Dried Food ProductsISO 21527-1 Yeast and Mould Count in Low Water Activity FoodsISO 21528-2 Enterobacteriaceae Detection in Food ProductsISO 22964 Cronobacter spp. Testing in Infant FormulaISO 29201 Enteric Virus Quantification in WastewaterISO 4833 Total Viable Count Testing in Food SamplesISO 4833-1 Aerobic Plate Count in Food ProductsISO 6222 Heterotrophic Plate Count in WaterISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food SamplesISO 6579-1 Salmonella spp. Testing in Ready-to-Eat FoodsISO 6887-1 Sample Preparation for Microbiological Examination of FoodISO 6887-2 Microbiological Sample Prep for Dairy ProductsISO 6888-1 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus)ISO 6888-1 Staphylococcus aureus Enumeration in Bakery ProductsISO 6888-2 Staphylococcus aureus in Processed MeatISO 7218 General Requirements for Microbiological ExaminationsISO 7218 Microbiological Counting Methods in Food TestingISO 7218 Standardized Colony Count TechniquesISO 7251 Coliform Bacteria Detection in Drinking WaterISO 7932 Bacillus cereus Enumeration in CerealsISO 7937 Clostridium perfringens Testing in Cooked MeatsISO 7937 Detection and Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in FoodsISO 8199 Microbiological Analysis of Water QualityISO 9308-1 Coliform and E. coli in Treated Water

AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish: Laboratory Testing Services by Eurolab

The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish is a laboratory testing service that adheres to the standards and guidelines set forth by various international and national organizations. These standards ensure the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of test results.

Relevant Standards

  • ISO 16140-1:2016: Microbiology of the environment Part 1: General requirements for the detection of microbial contaminants.
  • ASTM D 7689-11: Standard Test Method for Determining the Presence or Absence of Total Coliforms in Drinking Water by Membrane Filtration Using a Single Sample.
  • EN ISO 9303:2004: Microbiology of the environment General requirements for the detection of microbial contaminants.
  • TSE 1085-2:2019: Microbiological examination of shellfish and other seafood.
  • Legal and Regulatory Framework

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish is governed by various national and international regulations, including:

  • EU Food Safety Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004 (Article 9): Microbiological criteria for foodstuffs.
  • US FDA Guidance Document: Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Foods (Section 3.2).
  • Shellfish and other seafood regulations in the European Union, Canada, Australia, and Japan.
  • Standard Development Organizations

    The development and maintenance of standards for laboratory testing services are the responsibility of various organizations, including:

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
  • Turkish Standards Institution (TSE).
  • Standard Evolution and Updates

    Standards are constantly evolving to reflect advances in technology, scientific knowledge, and regulatory requirements. The process of updating standards involves:

    1. Reviewing existing standards for relevance and applicability.

    2. Identifying areas for improvement or revision.

    3. Developing new drafts based on stakeholder feedback and input.

    4. Voting on final drafts to confirm approval.

    Standard Numbers and Scope

    The following standard numbers and scope apply to the AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish:

  • AOAC 978.18: Microbiological examination of shellfish - Detection of total coliforms.
  • ISO 16140-1:2016 (Section 5): General requirements for the detection of microbial contaminants.
  • Standard Compliance Requirements

    Industry sectors and organizations must comply with relevant standards to ensure product safety, quality, and regulatory compliance. Failure to comply can result in:

    1. Regulatory non-compliance.

    2. Product recalls or withdrawals.

    3. Loss of market share or reputation.

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish is a critical laboratory testing service that provides essential information for industry sectors, including:

  • Shellfish and other seafood processing companies.
  • Regulatory agencies, such as FDA, USDA, and EPA.
  • Food safety auditors, inspectors, and consultants.
  • Technical Reasons for Conducting the Test

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish is necessary to:

    1. Ensure product safety and quality.

    2. Comply with regulatory requirements.

    3. Detect potential contamination sources.

    4. Monitor microbiological trends over time.

    Consequences of Not Performing the Test

    Failure to conduct the AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish can result in:

    1. Regulatory non-compliance.

    2. Product recalls or withdrawals.

    3. Loss of market share or reputation.

    Quality Assurance and Quality Control Aspects

    The laboratory testing service must adhere to strict quality assurance and control measures, including:

    1. Accreditation and certification.

    2. Standard operating procedures (SOPs).

    3. Validation and verification protocols.

    4. Internal audits and quality assessments.

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish involves the following steps:

    Testing Equipment and Instruments Used

  • Membrane filtration units, such as Millipore or Nalgene.
  • Incubators, such as Thermo Fisher or Bactron.
  • Microscopes, such as Leica or Nikon.
  • Testing Environment Requirements

    The testing environment must meet the following conditions:

    1. Temperature: 20-25C (68-77F).

    2. Humidity: 40-60.

    3. Cleanliness and hygiene standards.

    Sample Preparation and Handling

  • Sample collection: Shellfish samples are collected from processing facilities or harvested directly.
  • Sample preparation: Samples are homogenized, diluted, and filtered to prepare for testing.
  • Sample handling: Samples are stored at 4C (39F) to maintain microbial viability.
  • Testing Procedure

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish involves the following steps:

    1. Membrane filtration of samples.

    2. Incubation of filters to detect microbial growth.

    3. Microscopic examination for coliform identification.

    The results of the AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish are reported as follows:

    Results Interpretation

  • Presence or absence: Presence of total coliforms is indicated by microbial growth on filters.
  • Quantification: Quantitative analysis may be performed to determine the level of contamination.
  • Reporting Requirements

    Test results must be reported according to regulatory requirements and industry standards, including:

    1. ISO 16140-1:2016 (Section 5).

    2. AOAC 978.18.

    3. TSE 1085-2:2019.

    Conclusion

    The AOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in Shellfish is a critical laboratory testing service that provides essential information for industry sectors, regulatory agencies, and food safety auditors. Adherence to relevant standards, quality assurance, and control measures ensures the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of test results.

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