EUROLAB
iso-16649-2-enumeration-of-escherichia-coli-by-colony-count-technique
Microbiological Testing AOAC 2000.14 Aerobic Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 2001.02 Surface Swab Testing in Kitchen EquipmentAOAC 2003.01 Campylobacter Detection in Poultry ProductsAOAC 2003.07 Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Food and Environmental SamplesAOAC 2004.02 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuiceAOAC 2004.05 Mold Count in Nuts and SeedsAOAC 2005.03 Detection of Enterotoxins in Canned VegetablesAOAC 2007.01 Listeria Detection in Processed MeatsAOAC 2008.06 Norovirus Detection in Leafy GreensAOAC 2011.02 E. coli O157:H7 Testing in SproutsAOAC 2011.03 Detection of Cronobacter spp. in Infant FormulaAOAC 2013.09 Vibrio Detection in SeafoodAOAC 2015.01 Enumeration of Thermophilic Spores in MilkAOAC 2016.03 Total Aerobic Bacteria in Raw VegetablesAOAC 2017.09 Yeast Detection in BeveragesAOAC 2020.01 Cronobacter Enumeration in Infant CerealsAOAC 978.18 Standard Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in ShellfishAOAC 978.24 Total Coliform Count in Food SamplesAOAC 983.19 Coliforms in Ice Cream ProductsAOAC 986.33 Staphylococcus aureus Count in SandwichesAOAC 990.12 Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci in FoodAOAC 990.12 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermented FoodsAOAC 991.14 Bacillus cereus Detection in Cooked RiceAOAC 991.14 Salmonella Detection Using ELISA MethodAOAC 991.15 Detection of Bacillus cereus in FoodsAOAC 996.08 Listeria monocytogenes Screening in Ready-to-Eat FoodsAOAC 996.08 Salmonella Detection in Dried FoodsAOAC 998.08 Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in FoodsAOAC 998.08 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuicesASTM D4783 Rapid Enumeration of Aerobic Microorganisms in Food PackagingASTM E1428 Evaluation of Antifungal Properties on Food Contact SurfacesASTM E2617 Detection of Mycotoxins-Producing Fungi by PCRASTM E2754 Standard Guide for Sampling of Microbial Contamination on SurfacesASTM E2876 Determination of Bacterial Endotoxins in Water Used in Food ProcessingASTM E2881 Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Food Using BiosensorEN 13697 Quantitative Surface Testing for Microbial ReductionEN 13704 Sporocidal Activity Testing of Disinfectants in Food AreasEN 1650 Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal ActivityEN ISO 10272-1 Detection of Campylobacter in Raw ChickenEN ISO 10272-2 Enumeration of Campylobacter in MeatEN ISO 11290-1 Detection of Listeria in Vacuum-Packaged FishEN ISO 11290-2 Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in Soft CheeseEN ISO 11731 Detection of Legionella in Cooling Tower WaterEN ISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Hot Water SystemsEN ISO 11731-2 Legionella Detection in Low Nutrient EnvironmentsEN ISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. in Refrigerated ProductsEN ISO 13720 Spoilage Bacteria Testing in Vacuum-Packaged MeatEN ISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in FoodEN ISO 14189 Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes in Food Water SystemsEN ISO 15213 Enumeration of Anaerobic Bacteria in Canned FoodsEN ISO 15216-1 Detection of Norovirus and HAV in ShellfishEN ISO 15216-2 Quantitative Detection of Norovirus in BerriesEN ISO 16212 Detection of Fungi in Plant-Based FoodEN ISO 16266 Detection of Pseudomonas in Drinking WaterEN ISO 16649 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16649-1 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16654 Detection of E. coli O157 in Leafy GreensEN ISO 17410 Counting of Psychrotrophs in Refrigerated Ready MealsEN ISO 17604 Swab Sampling Techniques in Meat IndustryEN ISO 17604-2 Sampling for Bacterial Analysis in PoultryEN ISO 18465 Detection of Human Norovirus in OystersEN ISO 18465 Norovirus Detection in Frozen ShellfishEN ISO 19036 Statistical Uncertainty in Microbiological ResultsEN ISO 21149 Microbial Limits in Cosmetic Food-Based IngredientsEN ISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeast in Acidified Canned ProductsEN ISO 21527-2 Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds in Acidic FoodEN ISO 21528-1 Total Enterobacteriaceae Count in SpicesEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in ConfectioneryEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in FoodEN ISO 22117 Quality Assurance for Microbiological Testing LabsEN ISO 22118 Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodEN ISO 22964 Detection of Cronobacter in Dairy-Based DessertsEN ISO 22964 Detection of Enterobacteriaceae in Powdered MilkEN ISO 29201 Quantification of Virus Particles in Food WastewaterEN ISO 4832 Coliform Count in Processed FoodEN ISO 6222 Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria in Bottled WaterEN ISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in SpicesEN ISO 6579-3 Salmonella Serotyping MethodsEN ISO 6887 Preparation of Test Samples and Dilutions for Microbiological TestingEN ISO 6887-1 Preparation of Test Samples from Raw Food MaterialsEN ISO 6887-3 Sample Preparation for Fishery ProductsEN ISO 6887-4 Preparation of Test Samples from Frozen ProductsEN ISO 6887-5 Preparation of Samples from Prepared MealsEN ISO 6887-6 Sample Prep for Dry Foods and PowdersEN ISO 6888-2 Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in Egg ProductsEN ISO 6888-3 Detection of Staphylococcus in Ready-to-Eat MealsEN ISO 6888-3 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive StaphylococciEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Expression of Results in CFUEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Plate Count Method in Microbiological LabsEN ISO 7218 Procedures for Colony Counting in MicrobiologyEN ISO 7932 Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated FoodsEN ISO 7937 Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in GravyEN ISO 8199 General Requirements for Microbiological Methods in WaterEN ISO 8199 Method Validation for Microbiological Water TestingEN ISO 9308-1 Detection of E. coli in Treated WastewaterEN ISO 9308-2 Membrane Filtration for Coliform Bacteria in BeveragesISO 10272-1 Campylobacter Detection in PoultryISO 11290-1 Detection and Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodsISO 11290-1 Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 11290-2 Listeria Count in Cold-Stored FoodsISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Bottled WaterISO 13136 VTEC Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. Enumeration in Chilled FoodsISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in WaterISO 15213 Anaerobic Bacteria Testing in Canned FoodISO 15213 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing BacteriaISO 15214 Lactic Acid Bacteria Enumeration in Fermented FoodISO 15216-1 Hepatitis A Virus Detection in Frozen BerriesISO 15216-2 Norovirus Detection in Processed VegetablesISO 16211 Anaerobic Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria TestingISO 16212 Fungi Testing in Cosmetic Food IngredientsISO 16266 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bottled WaterISO 16649-2 E. coli Enumeration in Raw MeatISO 16649-3 Beta-Glucuronidase E. coli DetectionISO 16654 E. coli O157 Detection in Ground BeefISO 17410 Detection of Psychrotrophic Microorganisms in Meat ProductsISO 17410 Psychrotrophic Microorganism Testing in Chilled FoodsISO 17604 Carcass Surface Microbial Sampling in SlaughterhousesISO 17604 Microbiological Swabbing of Animal CarcassesISO 17994 Comparative Testing for Microbiological Water AnalysisISO 18465 Norovirus Testing in ShellfishISO 18593 Surface Swab Microbiological Analysis in Food FacilitiesISO 19020 Food Processing Surface Hygiene MonitoringISO 19036 Uncertainty Estimation in Microbiological CountsISO 21149 Microbiological Examination in Cosmetic Raw Food MaterialsISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Dried Food ProductsISO 21527-1 Yeast and Mould Count in Low Water Activity FoodsISO 21528-2 Enterobacteriaceae Detection in Food ProductsISO 22964 Cronobacter spp. Testing in Infant FormulaISO 29201 Enteric Virus Quantification in WastewaterISO 4833 Total Viable Count Testing in Food SamplesISO 4833-1 Aerobic Plate Count in Food ProductsISO 6222 Heterotrophic Plate Count in WaterISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food SamplesISO 6579-1 Salmonella spp. Testing in Ready-to-Eat FoodsISO 6887-1 Sample Preparation for Microbiological Examination of FoodISO 6887-2 Microbiological Sample Prep for Dairy ProductsISO 6888-1 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus)ISO 6888-1 Staphylococcus aureus Enumeration in Bakery ProductsISO 6888-2 Staphylococcus aureus in Processed MeatISO 7218 General Requirements for Microbiological ExaminationsISO 7218 Microbiological Counting Methods in Food TestingISO 7218 Standardized Colony Count TechniquesISO 7251 Coliform Bacteria Detection in Drinking WaterISO 7932 Bacillus cereus Enumeration in CerealsISO 7937 Clostridium perfringens Testing in Cooked MeatsISO 7937 Detection and Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in FoodsISO 8199 Microbiological Analysis of Water QualityISO 9308-1 Coliform and E. coli in Treated Water

ISO 16649-2 Enumeration of Escherichia coli by Colony-count Technique Testing Services Provided by Eurolab

ISO 16649-2 is a globally recognized standard for the enumeration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water, food, and environmental samples using the colony-count technique. This standard is developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with involvement from various national standards bodies, such as ASTM, EN, and TSE.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

The ISO 16649-2 standard is widely adopted and recognized globally, ensuring a common language and framework for testing services. Many countries have incorporated this standard into their national regulations, making it a fundamental requirement for laboratories offering E. coli enumeration services. In the European Union (EU), for instance, the standard is harmonized with Directive 2000/60/EC on water quality, while in the United States, it aligns with the Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) regulations.

International and National Standards

  • ISO 16649-2:2014 (International Standard)

  • ASTM E1899-15 (American Society for Testing and Materials)

  • EN ISO 16649-2:2006 (European Committee for Standardization)

  • TSE ISO 16649-2 (Turkish Standards Institution)

    • These standards ensure consistency in testing procedures, results interpretation, and reporting. Laboratories must comply with these regulations to maintain their certification and accreditation.

    Standard Development Organizations

    The development of ISO 16649-2 involved collaboration among international standard developers, including:

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

  • Turkish Standards Institution (TSE)

    • These organizations contribute to the creation and revision of standards, ensuring they reflect current scientific knowledge and regulatory requirements.

    Standard Evolution and Update

    Standards evolve as new technologies emerge or existing ones improve. ISO 16649-2 was first published in 2006 and updated in 2014 to incorporate new methods for sample preparation and data analysis.

    Specific Standard Numbers and Scope

  • ISO 16649-2:2014 - Microbiology of the water, wastewater and sludge - Part 2: Colony-count method

  • ASTM E1899-15 - Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Escherichia coli in Drinking Water

    • These standards cover various aspects of E. coli enumeration, including sampling, sample preparation, analysis, and reporting.

    Standard Compliance Requirements

    Compliance with ISO 16649-2 is essential for laboratories offering E. coli enumeration services to industries such as:

  • Drinking water treatment plants

  • Wastewater management facilities

  • Food processing companies

  • Environmental monitoring organizations

    • Non-compliance can lead to non-accreditation, fines, and reputational damage.

    Why this Test is Needed

    E. coli enumeration testing is crucial for ensuring public health, protecting the environment, and maintaining product quality. This test detects E. coli presence in various samples, indicating potential contamination risks.

    Business and Technical Reasons

    The colony-count technique used in ISO 16649-2 provides accurate results within a short timeframe, making it an efficient method for testing large numbers of samples. Compliance with this standard ensures that laboratories can provide reliable data to industries and regulatory bodies.

    Consequences of Not Performing this Test

    Non-compliance or inaccurate results can lead to:

  • Public health risks

  • Environmental contamination

  • Product recalls or bans

  • Regulatory fines and penalties

    • Industries and Sectors Requiring this Testing

  • Drinking water treatment plants

  • Wastewater management facilities

  • Food processing companies

  • Environmental monitoring organizations

    • These industries rely on E. coli enumeration testing to ensure the quality of their products, protect public health, and maintain regulatory compliance.

    Risk Factors and Safety Implications

    E. coli can cause severe health issues in humans, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney failure, and other complications. Proper testing and management are essential for preventing such risks.

    Quality Assurance and Quality Control Aspects

    ISO 16649-2 emphasizes the importance of quality control measures during testing, ensuring accurate results and maintaining regulatory compliance.

    Contribution to Product Safety and Reliability

    E. coli enumeration testing contributes significantly to product safety and reliability by detecting potential contamination risks and ensuring that products meet regulatory requirements.

    Competitive Advantages and Cost-Benefit Analysis

    Performing this test provides a competitive advantage, as industries require laboratories with ISO 16649-2 certification for compliance purposes. The cost-benefit analysis favors performing the test due to its efficiency and accuracy in providing reliable results.

    Step-by-Step Procedure

    1. Sampling: Collecting water or food samples using proper protocols.

    2. Sample Preparation: Preparing samples for analysis, including homogenization and dilution.

    3. Analysis: Using the colony-count technique to enumerate E. coli in prepared samples.

    4. Reporting: Presenting results in accordance with ISO 16649-2 guidelines.

    Sampling Techniques

  • Water sampling: Use of sterile bottles or containers to prevent contamination.

  • Food sampling: Employ proper protocols for sampling and transportation to maintain sample integrity.

    • Sample Preparation Methods

  • Homogenization: Mixing samples thoroughly to ensure representative aliquots.

  • Dilution: Preparing dilutions according to ISO 16649-2 guidelines.

    • Analysis Procedures

  • Colony-count technique: Counting E. coli colonies in prepared samples using specialized equipment (e.g., agar plates).

    • Reporting Requirements

    Results must be presented in accordance with ISO 16649-2 guidelines, including:

  • Enumeration of E. coli colonies

  • Sample preparation and analysis methods used

    • Please see the following section for a detailed description of reporting requirements.

    When presenting results, laboratories should follow these guidelines:

    1. Enumeration: Presenting the number of E. coli colonies per unit volume or mass.

    2. Sample Preparation and Analysis Methods: Describing the methods used to prepare and analyze samples.

    3. Quality Control Measures: Mentioning any quality control measures implemented during testing.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, ISO 16649-2 is a widely adopted standard for E. coli enumeration using the colony-count technique. Compliance with this standard ensures that laboratories can provide reliable results, maintain regulatory compliance, and protect public health. Laboratories offering E. coli enumeration services must adhere to the requirements outlined in this standard to ensure accurate testing and reporting.

    References

  • ISO 16649-2:2014 (International Standard)

  • ASTM E1899-15 (American Society for Testing and Materials)

  • EN ISO 16649-2:2006 (European Committee for Standardization)

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