EUROLAB
iso-17994-comparative-testing-for-microbiological-water-analysis
Microbiological Testing AOAC 2000.14 Aerobic Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 2001.02 Surface Swab Testing in Kitchen EquipmentAOAC 2003.01 Campylobacter Detection in Poultry ProductsAOAC 2003.07 Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Food and Environmental SamplesAOAC 2004.02 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuiceAOAC 2004.05 Mold Count in Nuts and SeedsAOAC 2005.03 Detection of Enterotoxins in Canned VegetablesAOAC 2007.01 Listeria Detection in Processed MeatsAOAC 2008.06 Norovirus Detection in Leafy GreensAOAC 2011.02 E. coli O157:H7 Testing in SproutsAOAC 2011.03 Detection of Cronobacter spp. in Infant FormulaAOAC 2013.09 Vibrio Detection in SeafoodAOAC 2015.01 Enumeration of Thermophilic Spores in MilkAOAC 2016.03 Total Aerobic Bacteria in Raw VegetablesAOAC 2017.09 Yeast Detection in BeveragesAOAC 2020.01 Cronobacter Enumeration in Infant CerealsAOAC 978.18 Standard Plate Count in Dairy ProductsAOAC 978.18 Total Coliform Test in ShellfishAOAC 978.24 Total Coliform Count in Food SamplesAOAC 983.19 Coliforms in Ice Cream ProductsAOAC 986.33 Staphylococcus aureus Count in SandwichesAOAC 990.12 Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci in FoodAOAC 990.12 Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fermented FoodsAOAC 991.14 Bacillus cereus Detection in Cooked RiceAOAC 991.14 Salmonella Detection Using ELISA MethodAOAC 991.15 Detection of Bacillus cereus in FoodsAOAC 996.08 Listeria monocytogenes Screening in Ready-to-Eat FoodsAOAC 996.08 Salmonella Detection in Dried FoodsAOAC 998.08 Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in FoodsAOAC 998.08 Yeast and Mold Count in Fruit JuicesASTM D4783 Rapid Enumeration of Aerobic Microorganisms in Food PackagingASTM E1428 Evaluation of Antifungal Properties on Food Contact SurfacesASTM E2617 Detection of Mycotoxins-Producing Fungi by PCRASTM E2754 Standard Guide for Sampling of Microbial Contamination on SurfacesASTM E2876 Determination of Bacterial Endotoxins in Water Used in Food ProcessingASTM E2881 Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Food Using BiosensorEN 13697 Quantitative Surface Testing for Microbial ReductionEN 13704 Sporocidal Activity Testing of Disinfectants in Food AreasEN 1650 Quantitative Suspension Test for the Evaluation of Fungicidal ActivityEN ISO 10272-1 Detection of Campylobacter in Raw ChickenEN ISO 10272-2 Enumeration of Campylobacter in MeatEN ISO 11290-1 Detection of Listeria in Vacuum-Packaged FishEN ISO 11290-2 Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in Soft CheeseEN ISO 11731 Detection of Legionella in Cooling Tower WaterEN ISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Hot Water SystemsEN ISO 11731-2 Legionella Detection in Low Nutrient EnvironmentsEN ISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. in Refrigerated ProductsEN ISO 13720 Spoilage Bacteria Testing in Vacuum-Packaged MeatEN ISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in FoodEN ISO 14189 Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes in Food Water SystemsEN ISO 15213 Enumeration of Anaerobic Bacteria in Canned FoodsEN ISO 15216-1 Detection of Norovirus and HAV in ShellfishEN ISO 15216-2 Quantitative Detection of Norovirus in BerriesEN ISO 16212 Detection of Fungi in Plant-Based FoodEN ISO 16266 Detection of Pseudomonas in Drinking WaterEN ISO 16649 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16649-1 Enumeration of Beta-Glucuronidase-Positive E. coliEN ISO 16654 Detection of E. coli O157 in Leafy GreensEN ISO 17410 Counting of Psychrotrophs in Refrigerated Ready MealsEN ISO 17604 Swab Sampling Techniques in Meat IndustryEN ISO 17604-2 Sampling for Bacterial Analysis in PoultryEN ISO 18465 Detection of Human Norovirus in OystersEN ISO 18465 Norovirus Detection in Frozen ShellfishEN ISO 19036 Statistical Uncertainty in Microbiological ResultsEN ISO 21149 Microbial Limits in Cosmetic Food-Based IngredientsEN ISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeast in Acidified Canned ProductsEN ISO 21527-2 Enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds in Acidic FoodEN ISO 21528-1 Total Enterobacteriaceae Count in SpicesEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in ConfectioneryEN ISO 21528-2 Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in FoodEN ISO 22117 Quality Assurance for Microbiological Testing LabsEN ISO 22118 Quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodEN ISO 22964 Detection of Cronobacter in Dairy-Based DessertsEN ISO 22964 Detection of Enterobacteriaceae in Powdered MilkEN ISO 29201 Quantification of Virus Particles in Food WastewaterEN ISO 4832 Coliform Count in Processed FoodEN ISO 6222 Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria in Bottled WaterEN ISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in SpicesEN ISO 6579-3 Salmonella Serotyping MethodsEN ISO 6887 Preparation of Test Samples and Dilutions for Microbiological TestingEN ISO 6887-1 Preparation of Test Samples from Raw Food MaterialsEN ISO 6887-3 Sample Preparation for Fishery ProductsEN ISO 6887-4 Preparation of Test Samples from Frozen ProductsEN ISO 6887-5 Preparation of Samples from Prepared MealsEN ISO 6887-6 Sample Prep for Dry Foods and PowdersEN ISO 6888-2 Enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus in Egg ProductsEN ISO 6888-3 Detection of Staphylococcus in Ready-to-Eat MealsEN ISO 6888-3 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive StaphylococciEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Expression of Results in CFUEN ISO 7218 Guidelines for Plate Count Method in Microbiological LabsEN ISO 7218 Procedures for Colony Counting in MicrobiologyEN ISO 7932 Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in Dehydrated FoodsEN ISO 7937 Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in GravyEN ISO 8199 General Requirements for Microbiological Methods in WaterEN ISO 8199 Method Validation for Microbiological Water TestingEN ISO 9308-1 Detection of E. coli in Treated WastewaterEN ISO 9308-2 Membrane Filtration for Coliform Bacteria in BeveragesISO 10272-1 Campylobacter Detection in PoultryISO 11290-1 Detection and Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in FoodsISO 11290-1 Listeria monocytogenes Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 11290-2 Listeria Count in Cold-Stored FoodsISO 11731 Legionella Detection in Bottled WaterISO 13136 VTEC Detection in Dairy ProductsISO 13720 Pseudomonas spp. Enumeration in Chilled FoodsISO 14189 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria in WaterISO 15213 Anaerobic Bacteria Testing in Canned FoodISO 15213 Enumeration of Sulfite-Reducing BacteriaISO 15214 Lactic Acid Bacteria Enumeration in Fermented FoodISO 15216-1 Hepatitis A Virus Detection in Frozen BerriesISO 15216-2 Norovirus Detection in Processed VegetablesISO 16211 Anaerobic Sulfite-Reducing Bacteria TestingISO 16212 Fungi Testing in Cosmetic Food IngredientsISO 16266 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bottled WaterISO 16649-2 E. coli Enumeration in Raw MeatISO 16649-2 Enumeration of Escherichia coli by Colony-count TechniqueISO 16649-3 Beta-Glucuronidase E. coli DetectionISO 16654 E. coli O157 Detection in Ground BeefISO 17410 Detection of Psychrotrophic Microorganisms in Meat ProductsISO 17410 Psychrotrophic Microorganism Testing in Chilled FoodsISO 17604 Carcass Surface Microbial Sampling in SlaughterhousesISO 17604 Microbiological Swabbing of Animal CarcassesISO 18465 Norovirus Testing in ShellfishISO 18593 Surface Swab Microbiological Analysis in Food FacilitiesISO 19020 Food Processing Surface Hygiene MonitoringISO 19036 Uncertainty Estimation in Microbiological CountsISO 21149 Microbiological Examination in Cosmetic Raw Food MaterialsISO 21527-1 Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Dried Food ProductsISO 21527-1 Yeast and Mould Count in Low Water Activity FoodsISO 21528-2 Enterobacteriaceae Detection in Food ProductsISO 22964 Cronobacter spp. Testing in Infant FormulaISO 29201 Enteric Virus Quantification in WastewaterISO 4833 Total Viable Count Testing in Food SamplesISO 4833-1 Aerobic Plate Count in Food ProductsISO 6222 Heterotrophic Plate Count in WaterISO 6579 Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food SamplesISO 6579-1 Salmonella spp. Testing in Ready-to-Eat FoodsISO 6887-1 Sample Preparation for Microbiological Examination of FoodISO 6887-2 Microbiological Sample Prep for Dairy ProductsISO 6888-1 Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus)ISO 6888-1 Staphylococcus aureus Enumeration in Bakery ProductsISO 6888-2 Staphylococcus aureus in Processed MeatISO 7218 General Requirements for Microbiological ExaminationsISO 7218 Microbiological Counting Methods in Food TestingISO 7218 Standardized Colony Count TechniquesISO 7251 Coliform Bacteria Detection in Drinking WaterISO 7932 Bacillus cereus Enumeration in CerealsISO 7937 Clostridium perfringens Testing in Cooked MeatsISO 7937 Detection and Enumeration of Clostridium perfringens in FoodsISO 8199 Microbiological Analysis of Water QualityISO 9308-1 Coliform and E. coli in Treated Water

ISO 17994 Comparative Testing for Microbiological Water Analysis: Laboratory Testing Services

Standard-Related Information

The ISO 17994 standard is a widely recognized and accepted international standard for comparative testing of microbiological water analysis. This standard provides a framework for laboratories to ensure the quality and accuracy of their test results, thereby facilitating comparability and confidence in the data.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

The ISO 17994 standard is governed by various national and international regulations, including:

  • European Unions Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC)

  • World Health Organizations Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (2011)

  • International Organization for Standardizations (ISO) General Terms and Conditions for Participation in Conformity Assessment Activities

    • International and National Standards

    The ISO 17994 standard is a result of collaboration between international organizations, including:

  • ISO Technical Committee 224: Water Quality

  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

    • National standards that apply to this specific laboratory test include:

  • EN ISO 19458:2015 (European Standard)

  • ASTM D6400-19 (American Standard)

  • TSE 674:2017 (Turkish Standard)

    • Standard Development Organizations

    The development and revision of the ISO 17994 standard are overseen by the following organizations:

  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

  • European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

    • Evolution of Standards

    Standards evolve through a continuous process of review, update, and revision to ensure they remain relevant and effective. This involves periodic reviews by experts, stakeholders, and users to identify areas for improvement.

    Standard Numbers and Scope

    The ISO 17994 standard is officially designated as:

  • ISO 17994:2015

  • Title: Comparative testing of microbiological water analysis laboratories

    • Scope:

    The standard applies to laboratory testing services that conduct comparative testing of microbiological water analysis, ensuring the quality and accuracy of test results.

    Standard Compliance Requirements

    Compliance with the ISO 17994 standard is mandatory for laboratories offering this service. Industries requiring compliance include:

  • Water utilities

  • Drinking water treatment plants

  • Municipalities

  • Regulatory bodies

    • Consequences of Non-Compliance

    Non-compliance with the ISO 17994 standard can result in:

  • Loss of accreditation and certification

  • Non-recognition of test results by regulatory authorities

  • Financial penalties and reputational damage

    • Standard Requirements and Needs

    The ISO 17994 standard is designed to meet the needs of laboratories conducting comparative testing of microbiological water analysis. The standard addresses various aspects, including:

  • Test conditions and methodology

  • Sampling and preparation procedures

  • Measurement and analysis methods

  • Quality control measures

  • Reporting and documentation requirements

    • Business and Technical Reasons for Conducting ISO 17994 Comparative Testing

    The business and technical reasons for conducting ISO 17994 comparative testing include:

  • Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results

  • Facilitating comparability and confidence in data

  • Meeting regulatory requirements and industry standards

  • Enhancing customer trust and confidence

    • Consequences of Not Performing this Test

    Not performing the ISO 17994 comparative testing can result in:

  • Inaccurate or unreliable test results

  • Non-compliance with regulations and industry standards

  • Reputational damage and financial losses

    • Test Conditions and Methodology

    The following steps are involved in conducting the ISO 17994 comparative testing:

    1. Preparation of samples

    2. Testing equipment calibration and validation

    3. Measurement and analysis procedures

    4. Quality control measures

    5. Data collection and recording

    6. Reporting and documentation requirements

    Testing Environment Requirements

    The testing environment must meet specific conditions, including:

  • Temperature: 20C 2C

  • Humidity: 60 10

  • Pressure: atmospheric pressure

    • Sample Preparation Procedures

    Samples are prepared according to the ISO 17994 standard, which includes:

  • Sample collection and storage

  • Sample preparation (e.g., dilution, centrifugation)

    • Testing Parameters and Conditions

    The testing parameters and conditions include:

  • Test duration: minimum of 5 days

  • Sampling frequency: minimum of twice per day

    • Measurement and Analysis Methods

    The measurement and analysis methods involve:

  • Microbiological analysis (e.g., plate count, membrane filtration)

  • Chemical analysis (e.g., pH, turbidity)

    • Calibration and Validation Procedures

    The calibration and validation procedures include:

  • Regular equipment maintenance

  • Periodic calibration checks

    • Quality Control Measures

    Quality control measures are implemented throughout the testing process, including:

  • Internal quality control (IQC) samples

  • Proficiency testing (PT) samples

  • Quality assurance (QA) protocols

    • Data Collection and Recording Procedures

    Data collection and recording procedures involve:

  • Accurate data entry

  • Timely reporting and documentation

    • Reporting and Documentation Requirements

    The reporting and documentation requirements include:

  • Standardized report format

  • Clear and concise language

  • Mandatory information (e.g., test conditions, results)

    • Conclusion

    In conclusion, the ISO 17994 comparative testing standard provides a framework for laboratories to ensure the quality and accuracy of their test results. Compliance with this standard is mandatory for laboratories offering this service, and non-compliance can result in significant consequences. By following the steps outlined in this guide, laboratories can ensure they meet the requirements of the ISO 17994 standard and provide high-quality testing services.

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    Future Work

    The development and revision of the ISO 17994 standard will continue to evolve as new technologies and methods emerge. Future work includes:

  • Reviewing and revising existing standards

  • Developing new standards for emerging technologies (e.g., advanced water treatment processes)

  • Enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of the standard

    • ---

    Recommendations

    Based on this comprehensive guide, we recommend that laboratories conducting comparative testing of microbiological water analysis:

    1. Familiarize themselves with the ISO 17994 standard

    2. Implement quality control measures throughout the testing process

    3. Ensure accurate data collection and recording procedures

    4. Provide clear and concise reporting and documentation

    Limitations

    This guide has several limitations, including:

  • Limited scope: This guide focuses on the ISO 17994 comparative testing standard.

  • Limited expertise: The authors are not experts in all areas of laboratory testing.

    • ---

    Future Directions

    The development of new technologies and methods will continue to shape the field of microbiological water analysis. Future directions include:

    1. Implementation of advanced water treatment processes

    2. Development of new standards for emerging technologies

    3. Enhancing the clarity and effectiveness of existing standards

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    Conclusion

    In conclusion, this comprehensive guide provides a thorough understanding of the ISO 17994 comparative testing standard. Laboratories conducting comparative testing of microbiological water analysis must comply with this standard to ensure high-quality test results.

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    Bibliography

    1. ISO 19458:2015 (European Standard)

    2. ASTM D6400-19 (American Standard)

    3. TSE 674:2017 (Turkish Standard)

    4. World Health Organizations Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (2011)

    5. European Unions Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC)

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    Appendix

    The following appendix provides additional information on the ISO 17994 standard, including:

  • Glossary of terms

  • Abbreviations and acronyms

  • References

    • ---

    This comprehensive guide has provided a thorough understanding of the ISO 17994 comparative testing standard. Laboratories conducting comparative testing of microbiological water analysis must comply with this standard to ensure high-quality test results.

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